Law

Police brutality is a sensitive issue that is discussed or addressed in various parts of the world and being that it is an issue that at given times might interfere with human rights of the citizens.  The law managers and executives have a huge responsibility in trying to change this and although it is not a one-day thing but a process, it takes enough research planning and investing into the methods chosen to reduce police brutality. At the same time teach the police how and when to use certain or the required force (ThorntonShireman, 2008). When it comes to the teaching of the police on issues concerning force researchers and physiologists together with scientists and other specialists in the field have come up with theories that can apply on practical situations for instance the use of force matrix. These methods have worked and proved to be very fundamental in police training, they come with the reduction in use of force, and aid to teach the San Diego police officers know how and when to use force (ThorntonShireman, 2008).

DISCUSSION
In the use of force matrix a diagram that usually represents those scenarios police officers come across, how to deal with them and the measure of force required aids the process of teaching a police officer how to apply. It is a triangle that the upper part stands for the risk perception of the other two sides represent the action of the subject and the other side the represents the action of the officer (Headley  May 2008). This is usually called the UFM and it is used to aid in discussing the various situations that one faces in the training session and the situations present there are the same as ones that one will encounter in real life. A balance of force is also shown here and the triangle gets the name a totality triangle.

The reasonable police officer takes subject action and he or she categorizes it and from the model knows how to deal with the situation with the required or necessary force. The police officers action comes in when the rational officer is to identify the UFM categories that are fit for the situation and make the subject comply. The risk perception is an environment that is perceived by an officer as confrontational and presents risk to an officer (Walker, 2005).

A police officer can perceive various ways risks like ones, which are professional where an officer has duties that he perceives as both a risk and responsibility. Tactical, here the police officers perception is of increased risks with a confrontational environment and here safety strategies are deployed.  The threshold where the specific risks are identified and this level needs a very critical intervention because confrontation is confirmed (Walker, 2005). The main aim of the officer is usually to gain compliance with the necessary force and without any kind of assault to him or to others.

When the risk goes to another level, the police officer is expected to respond directly and become more receptive making sure that he or she follows procedure and should also do respond to the life threatening issue quickly and still in a rational way. There is also a situation perceived as harmful when there is a direct focus of danger on the citizen or officer and defense. The lethal perception is the most intense risks and most crucial for a police officer or the common citizen (Hess  Orthmann, 2008).

There are five various subject action categories and these are the possible ways a person might act when approached by police officers to comply. People think in very different ways because we are not all the same and a police officer might approach for instance a very arrogant and violent subject so this calls for a lot of calm, observation and for use of procedure and choosing the most appropriate way by not using unnecessary force (Alpert  Dunham, 2004). The different categories of subject action include complaint and here the police officer gains compliance of the through traditional methods (Hess  Orthmann, 2008).  There is also resistant or passive here for instance the subject can resist but no physical involvement is usually there and the officer has no need to restrain the subject physically. There is also the resistant or the active action and here there is vivid physical resistance for instance when the officer goes for arrest and the subject starts to shove push and pull resisting arrest and here the police officers have to engage physically to engage the subject (Hess  Orthmann, 2008). Assault or bodily harm subject here the subject presents body harm to the officer and other people and the police officer has for instance to shoot at him or her because for instance when he was approached by the police officer he or she started shooting at him which can cause even death to the officer and the people around.

There are also police officer response categories and these issues are important because the officer must learn to react in accordance to the law and what they have been taught so as to minimize force and brutality in the police force (Alpert  Dunham, 2004). There are cooperative controls and here the officer uses communication skills and body language to get to subdue the subject to comply. Contact controls and here the police officer uses his or her talents to control the subject and these include things like hands on that are used to direct the subject to where the police officer wants. From there, it comes to techniques that involve the officer must have to face resistance and this ranges from physical to the use of weaponry. There is the use of compliance techniques and the police officer takes this action when he or she has encountered force and he himself has to use force to restrain the subject (Alpert  Dunham, 2004).

It goes further even to use of weapons for instance the teaser where the subject has proved to be very violent. There is also use of defensive techniques and here the officer is justified to use weaponry to strike the subject and this is to gain compliance from the subject. There is also use of deadly force and here the police officer results to use more critical and very harsh measures to the subject that may involve death or even very serious injuries for example shooting or using any other necessary means (Alpert  Dunham, 2004).  

The main aim of a police officer is to gain compliance from the subject meaning that if the subject happens to comply there will be no need of force. The law managers and executives through first are combating the force and brutality in the police force and fore most involving the police officers in a vigorous learning exercise, which even sensitizes them on the rights of any human being (Haberfeld  Maria, 2006). The police officers are also being taught how to react to different situations when in a crime scene and all these are programs set up by the law managers and the executives.

The police officers are also put under some laws that make them more responsible of their actions and penalties for breaking the laws can range from the suspension of an officer to a jail term for instance  if a police officer shoots and kills a suspect without using proper procedure and it is discovered the officer goes in for murder. The  police officers are also involved in regular checks that are directed by the executives and the managers of law and they are very helpful in the sense that the police officers get top is under scrutiny and irresponsible actions do not just escape and go unpunished (Thornton  Shireman, 2008). The police officers also are involved in programs that that include the common citizen in order for them to interact and change their perspective about life and people and this is done in for instance community projects. The media is also a very powerful tool that is being used to combat police brutality because everything is being exposed and no secrets can be kept. For instance during high speed chases that are brought live on television it is easy to pick out the officer who does not follow procedure by using excessive force and that will act as evidence during his or her suspension. The various human right groups and activists are also a powerful tool helping combat police brutality by protesting and urging the governments concern to take action. This turns the heat on the government and leads to reforms in the police force that mostly stop the police from interfering with the human rights through use of excessive force (Headley  May, 2008).

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the police brutality has been a major concern not only here but also in many nations and in the case we have seen the efforts that the San Diego police department is putting to combat that brutality and the use of force (Haberfeld  Maria, 2006). The teaching methods that have been improved and refined to meet the human rights standards are also very effective to making officers get to know how and when to use force or what can be termed as necessary force.